Dover Beach Evaporating the Sea of Belief (Matthew Arnold) Essay

Dover Beach Evaporating the Sea of Belief (Matthew Arnold) - Essay Example The poem depicts the seashore at night. The night which at first feels very tranquil for the poet, but this tranquility, suddenly transforms into despair and darkness. Mathew Arnold belongs to the era when Britain was under the influence of industrialization. It was a period of rationalism. The new generation was persistent about finding the logical reasons behind religious affair. It was not the age when you believe everything blindly. The old values had been driven away and new values were taking place of the old values. The mind was very confused. It was the period in which the questions had been arisen against religious faith. The faith of Christianity was thus on stake. Arnold was deeply religious person and so he lamented the deterioration of religious faith that he calls â€Å"Evaporation of the sea of Faith.† The central idea of this poem is the shattering of faith on Christianity. Arnold, like most of his contemporaries was so much disturbed by loss of religious faith in the new and modern generation. To denote the idea of disbelief he has used the imagery of â€Å"Sea of Belief.† It is a typical Victorian poem which reflects the contemporary society which has given up the religious norms and which is travelling towards modernism. This modernism is of course, very hard to accept especially for the sensible people like Mathew Arnold. It is because the foundation of his thoughts and principles was built on Christianity. The change is not at all a happy moment for Arnold, so this poem is a melancholy poem. In this poem Mathew Andrew unwillingly accepts the reality and the changing world. He has used the sea images. The entire poem revolves around the seascape. The sea of faith has been evaporated, disappeared. Arnold wants to be with the old morals and faith but the world does not allow him to accept the religious beliefs completely. It is a typical Victor ian predicament of mind. The sea in this poem is associated with the strong belief in Christianity. The tragedy of the Victorian age was that belief was shattering. The poet’s state of mind is not at all different. He wants his religious belief to be intact. But the New Age is not allowing him to do so. He calls the sea as his belief. Like the depth of sea, he also has a deep belief in Christian values. But when he is staring at sea, he feels that the sea of belief is evaporating. The Sea of Faith Was once, too, at the full, and round earth's shore Lay like the folds of a bright girdle furl'd. But now I only hear Its melancholy, long, withdrawing roar, Retreating, to the breath Of the night-wind, down the vast edges drear And naked shingles of the world. The deep sea of faith is disappearing from his mind. The rational mind always suffers a lot as it is not ready to give up his old upbringings but at the same time his logical thinking does not allow him/her to embrace the irr ational religious beliefs. His strong religious foundation again is not ready to accept the modernity undoubtedly as these new ideas are extraterrestrial for him. He is doubtful about his old doctrine and he is reluctant to accept the new ideologies. Almost all Victorian authors, poets have painted the same sketch of this kind of state of mind. In the first stanza Arnold Mathew visualizes the picture of a calm sea. The essence of tranquility and purity is present in the first stanza. sea is calm to-night. The tide is full, the moon lies fair. A note of tranquility and serenity is expressed in the above two line. The poet is very firm with his religious theology. It is the

Presentation Ansognosia Essay Example for Free

Presentation Ansognosia Essay Slide 1 (Wait for the cartoon character to appear) Slide 2 My job   is to speak on the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation   and the pognosis of Anosognosia. Questionnaires and diagnostic methods insuffiecient Slide 3   Let us talk about the assessment of insight and awareness. Slide 4   Assessment is a problem as results depend on what the patients says. There is no yardstick by which the doctor can assess. Slide 5 I have displayed a few assessment techniques that are practised even though the system may not lead to perfect conclusions. Self   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The patient himself can give you certain details voluntarily. You may have to select the information that is relevant to diagnosis of anosognosia or neglect. The primary condition that accompanies the anosgnosia must be assessed too. i.e.   hemiplegia, hemiparesis, schizophrenia , Alzheimer’sDisease etc. By the time the patient comes to you, there is a chance that some other doctors may have seen and diagnosed the condition. You may have to just confirm. Slide 6   Interview   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   You may have to ask leading questions.    Slide 7   The assesment has to cover various aspects of assessing awareness Slide 8 Screening question asking the patient to elaborate his difficulties. Follow-up questions may also be necessary to elicit more inormation Slide 9 Further questions that would give a picture of the emergent awareness. Slide 10 These question give informtion on the anticipatory awareness. Slide 11 This question will further tell you whether the patient has accepted his problem and is willing to be compliant to treatment. Slide 12 The patient’s frame of mind and his future cooperation may be asessed. His willingness to accept treatment and his plans to have his condition improved will further inform you about possible treatment strategies. You may plan accordingly allowing some space for his plans. Slide 13 He will be telling you what he does presently to get over his difficulty and whose help he gets . Has he adopted a new hobby that helps him? These should give an insight into his capacity and aim of reaching success in overcoming anosgnosia . Slide 14 He will give information as to the effectiveness of his techique and whether he appears to have responded. Slide 15 The scroes obtained from the questions qould help to identify the extent of the anosognisia or impairment of awareness in the patient. A high score would be 0. 10 would be the low score Slide 16 We still have to elicit more information about his primary condition. Information about previous treatment should be elicited. Slide 17   Do cognitive problems disturb his progress? How   his friends see the problem according to him is also important. Slide 18 I   shall now speak on rehabilitation. Many studies have been done on this subject. Slide 19 Orfei et al described a hemiplegic patient as one who will not report a deficit, may overestimate their abilities and may deny that they are unable to move a paretic limb. He said that the hemiplegic patient is unable to detect or report his unawareness. Slide 20 He suggested that there is a need for multidimensional assessment and some directions for furture research. Slide 21 Feinberg et al studied 2 groups of patients , one with anosognosia and the other without. The relationship between hemiplegia and visuoverbal confabulation was assessed. Slide 22 His conclusion states that verbal confabulation is an important determinant in anosgnosia. Slide 23 Another study of his confirms a strong relationship between anosognosia for hemiplegia and confabulations the movement og the plegic limb. Slide 24 What exactly are we trying to rehabilitate? We would be working on the anticipatory awareness, emergent awareness and intellectual awareness. Intellectual awareness would include the awareness and the understanding of the problem. Slide 25 Approaches to rehabilitation (Read the slide) Slide 26 Approaches to rehabiltitation explained with model We increase anticipatory awarenes by strategy identification, practice,monitoring and feedback. For emergent awareness we do monitoring of self and staff , get feedback and then work on attention strategy To initiate intellectual awareness, we resort to education, feedback from self ans staff monitoring and video clipping of the patient’ responses. Slide 27   Our education process can involve all or some of the approaches mentioned here. (read the slide.) Slide 28 About the prognosis. Anosognosia does affect rehaibilitation or plays a role in it Slide 29 Gialanella et al’ article â€Å"The Rehabilitative Role of Anosognosia†Ã‚   speaks about his study. He concluded that the presence of anosognosia worsens the rehabilitation prognosis in hemiplegic subjects who also have neglect. Slide 30 Appelros’ study showed that both neglect and anosognosia influenced disability and prognosis Slide 31   Hartman-Maier in a study found that anosognosia for hemiplegia has a high risk for negative functional outcome in stroke rehabilitation. appelro et al found that both neglect and anosognosia affect rehabilitation. Slide 32 Slide 33 (Read the conclusions) Slide 34 Signing off.

Unilever Ethical Issues

Unilever Ethical Issues Unilever is employed 2, 27,000 people in approximately 150 countries. This company always tries to maintain their employee rights and responsibilities. To focus some employee rights of Unilever in below: To protect the health and safety of employees at work To must respect employees fundamental rights To encourage personal development of employees To provide training facilities on chemicals or dangerous job To inform employees about serious workplace hazards To assure the employees job security To evaluate the employees on the basis of their working performance Conflicts Most of the conflicts happen on local or national level. Generally, plant closures and opposition of employees are involved in conflicts. In Europe, the management of Unilever is promoted to attract new investors and securing the employees jobs. But in other regions, conflicts increase when Unilever rejects to build up the freely-elected unions as the courier of the employees and turns to threatening employees to shock away from the unions and attempts to make a company-friendly manager-made union. In India, conflicts occur when the employees decrease due to the shift of production to other sites. For example- Garden Reach detergents factory at Calcutta in India reduces employees due to move production to new areas. Responsibilities Manufacturing Department Unilever is mainly engaged in manufacturing its food and home personal care products in 150 countries around the world. The main responsibilities of this department are: Increasing production with no additional manufacturing cost. To invest in local manufacturing firms and contribute to local trade and industry development. To improve the eco-efficiency to the manufacturing sites. Distribution Department The main aim of distribution department is to be the supplier of choice for their potential customer and to ensure that consumers use their product through different distribution channel. To show some responsibilities of distribution department are given below: To work in joint venture with retailers on sustainability issues. To support retailers in educating consumers on health. Reducing environmental impacts resulting from distribution of the Products. To ensure consumers everywhere have right to use to products. To use and promote environmentally-friendly refrigeration technology. Marketing Department The marketing department of Unilever communicates responsibly with their consumers through advertising and marketing strategy. This department focuses on some responsibilities: To take a responsible approach to marketing and advertising. To help consumers make healthier choices for their diet. To ensure consumer self-confidence in chemicals used in home and personal care products. To help consumers to reduce their environmental impacts and to dispose of their products responsibly. Branding Department Recently, Unilever is owned approximately 2000 different brands worldwide. It is acquired many local or national companies which legacy continued for a long time. The branding departments responsibilities are furnished under: To create brand awareness of Unilevers products. To built preference and loyalty of brands. To maintain the branding quality. Research Development Department Through the investment in research and development, Unilever meets the diverse and changing needs of consumers in all the markets. Some responsibilities of this department are also shown below: To enhance the nutritional quality of foods. To minimize the difficult environmental impacts of the products. Integrating social, economic and environmental factors into brand development plans. To research and promote alternatives to animal testing. Marketing Unilevers marketing strategies are tightly aligned to focus on deployment and brand building through their products. The company ensures that their products are high-quality and maintain the standard product line too. On the whole, Unilevers marketing strategies are divided into three categories- target marketing, market segmentation and market positioning. Target Marketing Unilever has launched over 2000 brands still now. Consequently, they are followed different target marketing strategies according to variation of products brands. For example, Lipton tea is a popular branded product of Unilever and this company uses niche marketing strategy for this product. On the other hand, they also support mass marketing strategy for some common world-wide products such as Lux, All Clear, Sunsilk, Dove, Heartbrand ice creams and so on. Market Segmentation Unilevers market segments basically depends on four business categories-Personal Care; Home Care; Savoury, Dressings Spreads; and Ice Cream Beverages. By going after segments instead of the whole market, Unilever can distribute just the right value scheme to each sector served and capture more value in return. Its market segmentation is very effective because the purchasing power of Unilevers product and profiles of segment can be measured, its product can easily be reached to the potential customers. Market Positioning Unilever is one of the well-known market leaders that capture the global market positioning by their core-product activities. Their main aim is to be confined the market positioning through the following: 1) The purchase national companies 2) To invest in a green field site in that country 3) To import (when possible and profitable) from outside sources. Unilevers turnover was highest in 2002. So, their sales growth also rises during that year. But the following year, their turnover is decreasing day by day. And in 2005, due to Halal Soap concept, their turnover take the lowest position that means their sales growth is few. We also see that their turnover is increasing from 2005 to 2008. As a result companys sales growth also enlarges. At last, Unilever are trying to achieve the highest position again also trying to hold the global market successfully. Information technology The innovative employees of Unilever use a common information system to share best practices and abruptly introduce new products around the global. They think that information technology is the best equipment to finish their job successfully. In general they are made the OSBC benchmarking process because of tracking its innovative rate, underlying volume growth and spending on Research Development. Unilevers information technology designs on the basis of information structure, setting policies for sourcing, compliance and data protection. Communication Communication is any kind of connection. It may be internal or external. Unilevers communication system is very good and this company follows a effective communication procedures. The employees in Unilever are interrelated by communicating their daily activities such as preparing accounting report, attending organizations cultural program, creating friendly environment with their colleague etc. Unilever tackles complaints from external stakeholders such as consumers, suppliers, wholesalers, and stockholder and so on. Still there is no recognized policy to conduct external complaints handling. They have a third party handle external enquiries made via the website, email and letters. Basically, this companys success depends on good relationship with large group of people and organization who have stake in its business. Freedom of action The board of Unilever is responsible to practice an active process for compliance, monitoring and reporting to the high level about employee performance. They are ensured that employees can put the strategy into action. Unilever argue that the freedom of association and rights of employees to engage in constructive collective bargaining within the host country law. Basically, Unilever gives their employees moderate freedom of action. This organization values depends on their workers on basis of action performance and also provide rewards for better presentation. Unilever always try to motivating their employees by different types of activities like workshop, recreational activities, and also bestow huge liberty to their stroke. Additionally, all employees of Unilever have had access to a toll-free 24-hour ethics telephone hotline worldwide from 2004. This hotline allows employees to raise any concerns in absolute confidence. Censorship on the internet Unilevers censorship is rigorously controlled to protect the accessing information on the internet. All other multinational companies like Unilever is also involved with internet and give the company information and its growth on internet. But recently securing their information, they are increased e-mail monitoring to the retention of Web logs and communication data. At the same time, Governments have happen to more secretive about the companys activities, dropping information that was before available and declining to adhere to policies on freedom of information. Besides that, Unilever would appreciate and follow the ethics of the internet. Computer and work Computer has grasped every side of activities of the modern universe and that is why present world is called computer world. At present time, any organization does not finish their work efficiently without using the computer. Accordingly, Unilever are controlled their all working activities by computerized system such as using computerized machines, equipments for production and research development. Similarly, they also use modern technology which is made by computers to access in global communication process, increasing global marketing and so on. Law When Unilever starts business in a country, this company must obey that countrys federal and provincial legislation as it is enacted and also applicable legislation in jurisdictions. Unilever operations in commands with less strict privacy laws are anticipated to construct all rational efforts to meet the requirements. Unilever or any of its directors, officers, employees, agents or representatives should be loyal for maintaining the every countrys law procedures. Security Unilever is applied fire and burglar detection as well as inspection solutions for the warehouse. This company provides 400 brands spanning 14 sorts of home, personal care and foods products. They are strictly observed to grant an access control, fire burglar detection and inspection solution method for securing their warehouse. They also set up the close-circuit camera to make a decision on-site based on practical revelations of the field of sight and the preferred result. At present, Unilever drives an audit system on trail of loading, off loading, weighing procedures, visitor movement, health and safety compliance, compliance with other internal controls and procedures from an accounting point of view. Answer to the Assignment Question No. 2 Country overview The kingdom of Bhutan is renowned as a landlocked nation in South Asia and is situated at the eastern end of the Himalaya Mountains. It is alienated from the close by state of Nepal to the west by the Indian state of Sikkim and from Bangladesh to the south by West Bengal. Bhutan is also a lonely country in the world. But now, Bhutan is developed in their different sectors including direct international flights, the internet, mobile phone networks and even cable television have increased to modernize the urban areas of this country. The legal system The legal system of Bhutan is determined mainly by Royal High Court of Bhutan, which is selected by the sovereign. This legal system primarily based on Indian law and English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ (International Court of justice) jurisdiction. Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal broadcasted the first set of Bhutanese laws and this law was completed in 1652 during the reign of Deb Umzed Tenzin Drugyel who is the first temporal ruler. It was footed closely on Buddhist principles and tackled the violation of both temporal and spiritual laws. These laws include ten pious acts, known as Lhachoe Gyewa Chu and the sixteen virtuous acts of social piety, referred to as Michoe Tsangma Chudrug. The 10th Desi, Mipham Wangp o merged and adjusted the certain parts of the code of Zhabdrung. The 13th Desi, Chogyal Sherub Wangchuk, ready certain amendments of the Code in the mid 18th century. Afterwards, the first and the second Druk Gyalpo also made extra amendments. During the reign of the Third Druk Gyalpo, the national assembly endorsed the first comprehensive codified law known as the Thrimzhung Chhenmo. After that, some amendments and legislations are added to the changing needs of him Bhutanese nation. Sources of law The sources of law on which the jurists have put on their consensus are as follows: Custom Custom is described as the twilight of law in Bhutan which resides in habitual practice and usages. To acquire force of law, the Bhutanese custom must have the following ingredients: a) Antiquity b) reasonableness c) conformity with statutory law d) observation as a right e) consistency with morality and public policy. Religion Religion is also an important source of law. Bhutanese law provides for freedom of religion, thought and conscience. The Bhutanese people support both Kagyupa and Nyingmapa Buddhist monasteries. The noble family follows a combination of Nyingmapa and Kagyupa Buddhism. On the other hand, the government are restricting the celebration of some non-Buddhist religious festivals and limiting construction of non-Buddhist religious buildings, although many people openly practice Hinduism in the southern areas of Bhutan. Equity Equity means natural justice. In Bhutan there are three main courts I) The High Court II) the Supreme Court III) The Dzongkhag Court. The High Court made up 7 to 9 Judges, which is controlled by the Chief Justice of Bhutan. A Dzongkhag court that means District court includes of a minimum of single judge and a maximum of three judges. A Dungkhag court that means Sub-district court involves of one judge. The justices of the Supreme Court are appointed by the chief justice and seal on the proposal of the National Judicial Commission from among persons of high honesty who are acknowledged authorities on the laws of Bhutan. The interested person should at least work as a High Justice for seven years to be appointed as the Justices of the Supreme Court. Precedent Precedent means the judge-made law. It is an essential source of law. Circumstances of Bhutanese law which destroy or weaken the binding force of precedent are: a) abrogated decision b) reversal on a different ground c) ignorance of status d) inconsistency with earlier decision of Higher Court e) inconsistency between earlier decisions of the same rank f) decisions of equally divided Courts g) erroneous decisions and so on. Legislation Legislation is the biggest sources of law. In National Assembly of Bhutan practices a large volume of legislation law. At present, the current issues such as drug abuse, terrorism problems etc. affecting the legislation process. The Bhutanese government tries to develop their legislation policy and implement that effectively. Court structure The courts in Bhutan consist of the Supreme Court, the High Court, the Dzongkhag Courts, the Dungkhag Courts, and any other Courts that may be established from time to time. At present, the Bhutanese legal system has maintained three types of court system: Figure 2: The Court Structure of Bhutan The High Court: The High Court is the highest court of law in Bhutan. It was established in 1968 is the apex Court presided by the Chief Justice of Bhutan. It has three Benches and a minimum of two judges encompass a Bench. The High Court exercises original jurisdiction as well as appellate and extra-territorial jurisdiction. The High Court possesses intrinsic powers and exercises extra-territorial jurisdiction on the basis of international law principles as with the Supreme Court. At the moment, it places at the apex of the Bhutanese judicial system and is controlled over by the Chief Justice of Bhutan. The Dzongkhag Court: Bhutan is geographically divided into twenty districts and each district has a District Court. The first Dzongkhag (District) Court of Bhutan was established in 1960/61. The District Court is made up of one Bench some District Courts have division Benches too. The District Court exercises unique jurisdiction in all cases in its defensive jurisdiction. The District Court system of Bhutan is leaded by a Dzongkhag drangpon. Every Dzongkhag drangpon is aided by one or more drangpon rabjams. The Dungkhag Court: The Dungkhag Court that means the Sub-District Court is the lowest formal court in Bhutan. It was established in 1978. The Dungkhag Court practices creative jurisdiction in all cases in their territorial jurisdiction. It is supervised by a Dungkhag Drangpon. Different forms of business allowed to operate and the laws governing them Banking business: The banking business in Bhutan is increasing slowly as the country has practiced in modernization. Every bank in Bhutan is established by following Financial Institution Act of Bhutan and The Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan Act, 1982. The Royal Monetary Authority is responsible to issue the currency, implement the monetary policy, organize financial institution activities, and hold the governments foreign exchange earnings. Non-banking financial institution also set up to contribute countrys economic growth. Telecom business: Bhutan telecom industry is growing day by day. The government of Bhutan is giving the excusive opportunities to develop this sector. Every company who is related to telecom business must be practiced the Bhutan Telecom Act. The renowned companies such as Alcatel-Lucent, Cisco, Ericsson, Huawei, Motorola, Nokia Siemens Networks, Nortel and Tellabs are doing their business successfully effectively in Bhutan. Medical health care business: Bhutans medical health care systems are urbanized in the early 1960s. In that time, a department of public health and the opening of new medical hospital are established to serve the Bhutanese people but have no medical law. At present time, all medical hospitals and health care centre are pursued cite as Medical and Health Council Act, 2002 Medical Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan. Postal Business: The Bhutan postal system is facing to alarming change in the 1990. The national postal network consists of 90 channels which is included by 2 General Post Offices, 43 Post Offices, 3 Agency Post Offices and 42 Community Mail Offices. And it is followed cite as Bhutan Postal Corporation Act, 1999. At present fax, Internet, e-mail or electronic bill payments is the core postal business in Bhutan. Information Media Business: The Infocomm and media authority in Bhutan are doing hard job to develop this sector. A law is passed on information media sector and it refer to Bhutan Information, Communication Media Act, 2006. The Bhutanese government make easy to increase speed growth of the ICT and media markets and pick up delivery of services. Transport Services: The Road Safety Transport Authority (RSTA) has begun to provide transport services in Bhutan in an organized way. The government of Bhutan made up a law for maintaining the transportation services mention as The Road Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan, 2004 and Road safety Transportation Act, 1999. At present condition, the numbers of transports are increased rapidly during the last decades. Dispute resolution procedures/options available and their effectiveness The dispute resolution procedures/options available are accomplished in the place designed by The Royal Government of Bhutan. Its main function is to deal with complex matters facts and find out a effective solution as soon as possible. For example, Royal Government of Bhutan is formed a hydropower projects to account for the relevant legal, technical, environmental, social and financial issues. Laws relating to Copyrights: The copyright act of Bhutan was cited as The Copyright Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan, 2001. This law has become especially relevant because of tremendous growth of the use of internet. The rights under copyright are encouraged to the authors and artists by securing their works and derive income from them. Trademarks: Bhutan is a tiny country moving the northern border of India and adjourning Nepal. The trademarks law has made recently in Bhutan in 1997 that is followed by the Industrial Property Regulation 1997. The registration of trademarks create great value to a business- the owner of the registered trademark can use in many ways, he/she can earn the exclusive legal rights to use and licensing or selling it within Bhutan for his products or services. Patents: A patent is a contract between the government of Bhutan and an inventor. It provides protection for the creation to the owner of the patent. Generally, it is followed by Industrial property Regulation 1997 and it is granted for a restricted time such as 20 years in Bhutan. Actually, Patents present incentives to persons by offering them to acknowledgment for their creative work and material reward for their saleable inventions. These incentives persuade innovation which declares that the quality of human life needs continuously improvement. Designs: In general design means a products overall form and functions. The designs law is controlled by the Industrial Property Regulation 1997. Truly, designs are applied in individually crafted products like technical and medical instrument and luxury items, electrical appliances, cars, architectural structures, textile designs, furniture, toys, household products, sports equipment, product packaging and containers etc. Answer to the Assignment Question No. 3 Globalization Unilever is the leading united global foods and home and personal care Company in the world. It is rising powerfully in developing and emerging markets to fight with other competitors. In an age of globalization, Unilevers neighboring bosses are becoming kings who take vital strategic decisions separately. There are replication and even triplication of corporate formations, generating needless complications. The effects of globalization are influenced strongly to Unilevers worldwide businesses. When Unilever starts operations in Indonesia and South Africa and more newly in Vietnam, have specified them a more exhaustively understanding of their crashes on the local economy. In 1995, Unilever had started its operations in Vietnam and this company maintained close relationship with its suppliers because they were accounting because the companys production volume was 40 per cent, its raw materials were 20 per cent and 87 per cent of its packaging materials. Unilever Company-the supplier relationship was meaningful because both parties needed one another to be succeeded. Unilever roped its suppliers through training and technology transfers. It also proposed them such kind of financial support to raise their equipment. In turn, the suppliers were supplied to Unilever with sophisticated packaging facilities. This relationship are encouraged Unilever to set up their business globally and they are also learned how treat to global suppliers competitor for establishing their position in the peak. However, Unilever also faces negative effects that changes it global strategy. Recession in America will contain unplanned effects in the rest of the world. On the other hand, prices for food merchandise and energy will stay inflexibly sky-scraping. Like most of its opponents, Unilever will include to enlarge its prices for food as well as household and personal-care products. As a result, it hits sales of Unilever products especially in emerging economies. ÂÂ   Developments in information, Communications and Technology (including internet) Unilever has done its informational activities through an automation process by using the internet. At present, Unilevers automation systems are so much developed. They collect and distribute their all information by a computerization system which is involved with internet. As a result, the customers of Unilever get easily its company information, about new brands, its research project news and so on in their global website. The Communication strategy of Unilever are residential tied into the points of the project such as awareness, understanding, buy in, commitment and post go-live with precise materials and explicit messages urbanized for each segment and targeted at various viewers clusters. Unilevers communication process is too easy to understand for their employees. Hues innovative technologies which fulfill different audience groups demand. Unilever are deployed a completely new technology infrastructure using Microsoft Premier Support. Unilever IT department handles E-mail, Active Directory, and other services distributed globally to the entire Unilever personnel. Its older technology was missed key capabilities, lost huge productive time because of unexpected outages. But now Unilevers new technology named active directory to assist control the identities and relationships that formulate the Unilever network environment. Unilever diminishes the hazard of method downtime and break to business users by using the new technology. The progress in e-mail and system accessibility permits employees to continue productive. Culture Corporate Culture Unilever managers are specified extensive training, and their career development is timepiece over carefully. A well-built corporate culture are facilitated to turn Unilevers management into the middle binding compel of the company and avoiding it from becoming a conglomerate still at its most branched out. There are little weird people in the upper ranks of Unilever and contrasted to most companies. Moreover, Unilever are eminent worldwide by capable and qualified management. Corporate Governance Corporate governance changes the compliance costs involvement for Unilevers international businesses to get together different regulatory needs in other jurisdictions. The accounting standards are one instant prospect for faster co-operation. Both parts of Atlantic are expensive and incompetent to assemble different standards. So, the recent opportunities are moved with time to greater union. The settlements are unquestionable in terms of amplified Unilevers cross-border investment, its deeper international capital markets and lower costs for this company. Power Unilever Already has a global power based in England Netherlands and this renowned company is trading with virtually all parts of the word. After establishing a year, Unilever easily capture the global market through their attractive brand products and stand a strong position from their competitors. Now, Unilever has over 2000 brand products in whole world and this company are influenced most of the countrys economy. Moreover, this company with no trouble enters any country and established its business quickly rather than other competitors through using free trade agreement facilities. No governments are pressured this company by their political power because Unilever is an associate of a number of powerful lobby groups on the national, European, regional and the global level. Politics Since 1960s the political risks of promising countries are rising day by day. A figure of countries are nationalized to Unilever businesses. Foreign organizations are subject to compound controls on prices, imports, production, dividends, borrowings, remittances, expatriate employment and salaries. The governments are limited to the payment of dividends service fees that is a rush of demand for local fairness contribution. Consequently, many large US firms such as IBM and Coca Cola both left India in 1970. But Unilever are developed into a master at delaying tactics. They are also using its widespread contacts and trying to make goodwill in numerous countries to adapt regulations and good dealing with governments. Sometimes, the most important market corruptions of Unilever are increased in corporate and public life. However, Unilevers strong policy and exclusive decision are helped to overcome that situation. Law Unilever and its employees are required to obey with the laws and regulations of the countries in which they operate. As a multinational company Unilever are spreading their businesses worldwide and but every countries legislation system is vary from country to country. So, according to various countries legislation procedures, Unilever also changes their legal system, creating different law policies for different countries. And they try to treat with their employees, customers, suppliers and competitors in a legal way which country they operate. But lack of conscious they are facing trouble such in India, Unilever violated the Indian labor Law. Due to these reasons they lost their market position. Choice Unilever is one of the worlds largest consumer products companies that are marketing a wide range of foods and home and personal care products. The Unilever products including skincare products are shaped based on elevated safety and physical condition standards and are all permitted by BPOM as evident in the BPOM registration number printed on the packaging of each product. At present time, most of the consumers in global market choice Unilever products because of ensuring safety and high quality. Consumers to be more careful when purchasing the products such as giving attention to the following selling price, checking the BPOM registration number, also checking name of manufacturer which are printed on the packaging and finally observing the packaging quality. Without doubt Unilever are succeeding to fill up the consumers all expectation in an organized way. Thus, Unilever detain its position in the consumers mind easily. Conclusion: Before we finish this assignment, we are focused on Unilevers product extension and the enhancement of its quality to combine perfectly with the ethical issues. This business organization is being extended to force growth in the long run even though short-term success may be impacted in the asset stage successfully establish its position in the global market. Moreover, Bhutan also pursues a well-organized legal system. Its laws regulations are relevant to business oriented and it helps to create new business opportunities.

Harold and Maude and The Book On The Taboo About Knowing Who You Are Es

Comparing the Movie, Harold and Maude and The Book On The Taboo About Knowing Who You Are The character Maude, in the movie Harold and Maude, lives a life congruent with the ideas Alan Watts expresses in The Book On The Taboo About Knowing Who You Are. In his book, Watts explores the relationships between life, death, ego, and environment. Watts's purpose is not to lecture but rather to let the book serve as a "point of departure" (11) for its readers. Maude also serves as the "point of departure" for the character Harold. Under Maude's guidance, Harold transforms from a depressed teenager obsessed with death into a new, positive person. Maude, however, dies shortly thereafter because she cannot guide Harold for the rest of his life. Indeed she, like The Book, is merely "a temporary medicine...not a perpetual point of reference [for Harold]" (11). Both Maude and The Book are only starting places from which Harold and Watts's readers must learn to achieve peace and understanding within themselves. Watts first addresses the issue of religion. Although the goal of many religions is to lead followers to "enlightenment," Watts believes that "irrevocable commitment to any religion is not only intellectual suicide, it is a positive unfaith because it closes the mind to any new vision of the world" (11). People become so obsessed with their religion and convinced that it is the only true religion that they become blind to new ideas and experiences. Instead of being incarcerating, religion should be enlightening. In the movie, Harold asks Maude if she prays to a god. Maude responds, "Pray? No. I communicate." Maude understands that it is restraining to blindly worship a god. By using the word "communicate," sh... ...ime in his life, Harold loves another person, Maude. When Harold tells Maude he loves her, however, she tells him, "Good. Now love some more." Now that Harold has found that capacity to love, he is able extend his love beyond only Maude. He has also learned about his senses: he "smells" snow, feels the contours of wood, hears music, and sees the beauty of nature. Finally, Harold learns how to accept death. Instead of continually pretending to commit suicide to desensitize himself to death, Harold realizes that death is an inevitable part of the circle of life. At the end of the movie, Harold lives, while Maude dies, because he has not yet experienced life. Unlike Maude, Harold is just beginning to defy the taboos of society and find himself. Works Cited: Watts, A. W. (1966). The Book: On the Taboo Against Knowing Who You Are. New York: Vintage Books Harold and Maude and The Book On The Taboo About Knowing Who You Are Es Comparing the Movie, Harold and Maude and The Book On The Taboo About Knowing Who You Are The character Maude, in the movie Harold and Maude, lives a life congruent with the ideas Alan Watts expresses in The Book On The Taboo About Knowing Who You Are. In his book, Watts explores the relationships between life, death, ego, and environment. Watts's purpose is not to lecture but rather to let the book serve as a "point of departure" (11) for its readers. Maude also serves as the "point of departure" for the character Harold. Under Maude's guidance, Harold transforms from a depressed teenager obsessed with death into a new, positive person. Maude, however, dies shortly thereafter because she cannot guide Harold for the rest of his life. Indeed she, like The Book, is merely "a temporary medicine...not a perpetual point of reference [for Harold]" (11). Both Maude and The Book are only starting places from which Harold and Watts's readers must learn to achieve peace and understanding within themselves. Watts first addresses the issue of religion. Although the goal of many religions is to lead followers to "enlightenment," Watts believes that "irrevocable commitment to any religion is not only intellectual suicide, it is a positive unfaith because it closes the mind to any new vision of the world" (11). People become so obsessed with their religion and convinced that it is the only true religion that they become blind to new ideas and experiences. Instead of being incarcerating, religion should be enlightening. In the movie, Harold asks Maude if she prays to a god. Maude responds, "Pray? No. I communicate." Maude understands that it is restraining to blindly worship a god. By using the word "communicate," sh... ...ime in his life, Harold loves another person, Maude. When Harold tells Maude he loves her, however, she tells him, "Good. Now love some more." Now that Harold has found that capacity to love, he is able extend his love beyond only Maude. He has also learned about his senses: he "smells" snow, feels the contours of wood, hears music, and sees the beauty of nature. Finally, Harold learns how to accept death. Instead of continually pretending to commit suicide to desensitize himself to death, Harold realizes that death is an inevitable part of the circle of life. At the end of the movie, Harold lives, while Maude dies, because he has not yet experienced life. Unlike Maude, Harold is just beginning to defy the taboos of society and find himself. Works Cited: Watts, A. W. (1966). The Book: On the Taboo Against Knowing Who You Are. New York: Vintage Books

Principles and practice of Human Resource Management Essay

In 21st century, the organization which considers its employees as an asset rather than cost has competitive advantage. The term suggested for employees is human capital. It refers to productive potential of one’s knowledge and actions. In today’s knowledge economy, efficient management of human capital ensures success for the organization. This tells the importance of human resource management. It is about managing human capital in the same way as asset management or financial management. Actually human resource management acts as a medium of exchange between employees and organization. Employees offer knowledge, abilities, skills, efforts, time, motivation, commitment and performance to the organization in return for job security, empowerment, generous pay for performance, training, promotion and trustful relationship. Thus human resource management is considered as a matching process that is matching organizational goals with employees’ needs in order to satisfy both optimally. The more formal definition of human resource management is the activities undertaken by the organization to attract, develop and maintain an effective workforce within an organization. (Daft, 1982) Thus attracting an effective workforce for an organization, developing it to its potential and finally maintaining it are the three main goals of the human resource management. And all the strategies are developed by the human resource department for attaining these three goals and these strategies tend to be organizational wide in order to support the overall corporate strategy. The skills required for attracting the workforce includes human resource planning, job analysis, forecasting, recruiting and selecting; skills for developing the workforce includes training and performance appraisal; and skills for maintaining the workforce includes wages, salaries, benefits and termination. Organizations especially perform human resource management in order to tackle the issues related to human resource proactively rather than reactively. ( Price , 2007). Having developed the concept of human resource management, we will now talk about the different approaches taken by the organization for pursing HRM. Read more:Â  Managing The Human Resources The first approach is hard HRM developed by Michigan business school and the second one is soft HRM developed by Harvard business school. (Fombrun, Tichy and Devanna, 1984) Both approaches are opposite as they are based on different sets of assumptions. (Storey 1992) Soft HRM has humanistic edge in managing employees while hard HRM considers employees as resources which have to be managed in the same way as capital equipments and raw materials. That is hard HRM is bit more technical and mechanical in its approach which involves in obtaining as cheap labor as possible that should be fully exploited. Soft HRM advocates unitary perspective which means employees and organization needs and interest are coherent which leads to mutual goals, influence, respect, rewards and responsibility. The outcome is therefore employee commitment and organizational success (Walton 1985). On contrary, pluralist perspective sees differences in employee and organization goals as a cause for conflicts and problems. Management’s task is to induce the appropriate behavior in workers so that their actions accomplish the company’s goals, not their own. This paves the way for showing direction and coercion by management. This perspective underlies hard HRM. .( Price , 2007) Mc Gregor in 1960 gave Theory X and Theory Y about the nature of employees. Theory X depicted employees who dislike work and try to avoid it when they can. People have to be coerced to work and have to be closely directed and regulated thus leading to tight managerial control. On the other hand theory Y depicted employees who like to work and exercise self direction and self control if they are committed to the goals and objectives. In this case there is loose managerial control and management’s function is to foster individual growth and development. Apparently soft HRM is associated with theory Y which emphasizes employees’ commitment through trust, open communication, training and development and autonomous work environment. This will produce employee behavior which is self directed and this is the main reason for organization’s competitive advantage. Whereas hard HRM contingent to theory X, focuses on quantitative, calculative and strategic aspects of managing HR as for any other factor of production. The practices of hard HRM consist of strict performance appraisal, supervision and external control over individual’s activities. Now we will examine how soft and hard HRM approaches lead to different kinds of activities and outcomes at different stages of human resource lifecycle. The first stage is of attracting the potential employees. This requires human resource planning by forecasting HR needs and matching the individuals with expected job vacancies. The soft HRM will seek to forecast needed employees in order to complete a work unit or finding the best mix of employees for the team in order to elicit commitment from team members by setting of good team norms and strong cohesiveness. Whereas hard HRM will look to minimize the need for additional employees and will try to reduce the head count. This will lead to incomplete work unit. The job vacancies will not be fully matched with potential employees, which will lead to incomplete work outcomes or delays in achieving goals deadlines. However hard HRM is best suited in condition of financial crisis and economic recession. In these conditions companies are incurring losses and they cannot afford hiring of new employees. Hard HRM is helpful in minimizing external hiring and shifting and relocating existing employees within organization. This will make existing employees loyal because they were not laid off by the organization when downsizing is the only option that remains during financial crisis. (Fombrun, 1984). The recruitment and selection is the most important process in hiring of employees. It requires analysis of both job applicants and job itself. We have to look for desired characteristics in applicants so that he must make a good match with particular job requirements. If his skills, education and experience are not adequate for the specific job then it will lead to frustration and confusion. The result will be poor performance, job dissatisfaction and high turnover. Both soft and hard HRM approach will provide realistic job preview and job description so that employees can judge their potential for a specific job. However soft HRM approach will be more insightful as it will look into the hidden personality traits, attitudes and beliefs of the applicants so that they can be better integrated into overall corporate culture, norms and values. Whereas hard HRM will only look to match the applicant’s skills with the technical specification of the job. Soft HRM give more attention to the human processes such as communication, sharing of knowledge, cohesiveness and trust among employees. Interviews, paper pencil test etc are the most common selection devices and are used by both approaches. However soft HRM approach has additional selection devices such as personality test, psychological test, case studies and different types of surveys. The second stage in HR lifecycle is development of effective workforce which includes training and performance appraisal as the two most important activities. Soft HRM approach will be more inclined towards training for individual advancement and career development. Soft HRM will go for various types of training techniques such as on the job training, class room training, computer assisted instructions, conferences and case discussion groups. Employees will be made to learn multiple skills so that they can be rotated among various jobs in order to reduce monotony and introduce variety. Hard HRM will see training as an expense. It will usually design job which leaves little room for showing discretion and creativity. The job is monotonous and set rules and procedures are there to perform the job. So training is limited to learning those specific job procedures which limits career advancement. This reduces employee motivation and cause job dissatisfaction and high turnover rate because of increase in monotony. The practice of hard HRM is most suitable in assembly line work. However it will fail in work demanding creativity and originality and whose environment is more unstable and uncertain, for example, film industry. While considering the activity of performance appraisal, hard HRM is more stringent in its appraisal process. The poor performance is mostly attributed to individual’s lack of ability and no consideration is given to various external factors influencing the individual’s performance. External factors are outside individual control and includes pathetic work environment, work place conflicts, distrust, no sharing of information and resources, bad relations and poor communication with top management. (Drucker , 1954 ) On the other hand soft HRM gives objective feedback on employees’ performance. It also uses the technique of 360 degree feedback that uses multiple raters and self rating to enhance the reliability and credibility of feedback in the eyes of employees. Multiple raters can include customers, co workers, supervisors and subordinates. Employee is also given a chance to explain his point of view and give explanation if his performance is not up to the standard. At the end of the appraisal top performances are also rewarded with bonuses, recognition and promotion. The feedback style of soft HRM is such that employees are motivated to improve their performance further. It enhances employees’ self efficacy by making clear role expectations and removing role conflicts and role ambiguity. This approach is therefore best suited for organizations whose culture encompasses total quality management. TQM stresses for customer satisfaction by providing better quality product or services through dedication to training, continuous improvement and teamwork. The third and last stage in HR life cycle is maintaining of workforce so that they continue to work for the organization over the long run. This stage consists of four activities such as rewards management, industrial relation, occupational health and safety and termination. In soft HRM approach rewards are such that it recognizes individual’s accomplishment as well as teamwork. Rewards are administered in such a way that it promotes collaboration and cooperation among employees so that they work as a unit for the overall goals of the organization. The focus is on creating the synergy so that different department of organization works coherently and in alignment of corporate strategy. Ivancevich, 2003). Soft HRM approach also gives rewards which increases intrinsic motivation of employees. Intrinsic motivation to work comes from the internal satisfaction and honor one feels when he completes some meaningful work which makes the difference for the organization. These types of rewards increase employees’ sense of meaningfulness, competence, progress and choice. Intrinsic rewards which increase intrinsic motivation are important for increasing employees’ commitment to organization’s goals and mission. The hard HRM has tight control over rewards. Apart from basic salary, less effort is made to recognize individual performance. However calculated yearly bonuses are given when year end profit target is achieved. In other words no effort is made in hard HRM’s reward system to increase employees’ commitment to work. The main problem is that hard HRM follows corporate strategy in rewarding employees and no analysis is done about employee’s needs and desires. Soft HRM is good enough as its rewards system makes a best fit between employees’ needs and rewards. Moreover the other organization dynamics which affects rewards system is employees’ perceived equity of rewards. If the distribution of rewards is not considered equitable by employees then motivating effects of rewards will vanish. There will be feeling of cognitive dissonance in employees and to remove this feeling, he will either alter his inputs to the work or will demand changes in rewards. The soft HRM approach dealing with human processes designs reward system to improve employees’ perceived equity while hard HRM fails to do so. According to Herzberg, working conditions, pay, good company policy and interpersonal relationships are called hygiene factors and their presence removes job dissatisfaction. The hygiene factors are well cared by soft HRM approach. The hard one fails to provide hygiene factors because its main objective is to accomplish a task in most economical terms as possible. It is only the soft HRM approach that has clear and functional policies and procedures about occupational health and safety. (Noe, 2003). Soft HRM approach looks to build long term relationship with employees. It opens all channels of communication such as upward, downward and lateral. Moreover grapevine and management by objective techniques are also used by managers to delve deeper into employees’ problems and requirements. Hard HRM only uses formal and hierarchical communication channel. This is also the cause for many communication breakdown and distortion. The most important feature of soft HRM is of mentoring and socialization which greatly helps in building cooperative and trustful corporate culture and environment.

Characteristics of Spiders

Characteristics of Spiders Spiders are the largest entirely carnivorous group of animals on the planet. Without spiders, insects would reach pest proportions throughout the entire world. A spiders looks, preferred foods, and prey-capturing skills set it apart from other arachnids. What Do Spiders Look Like? Spiders are not insects. Like insects and crustaceans, they belong to a subgroup  within the phylum arthropod, which means they are invertebrates and have an exoskeleton. Spiders belong to the  class Arachnida. Like all arachnids, spiders have just two body regions, a cephalothorax, and an abdomen. In spiders, these two body regions join at a narrow waist, called a pedicel. The abdomen is soft and unsegmented, while the cephalothorax is harder and includes the eight legs that spiders are known for. Most spiders have eight simple eyes, although some have less or even none at all. Not all arachnids are spiders. Spiders belong to the order Araneae.  Scorpions and daddy longlegs, which are usually confused for spiders, belong to different orders. Preferred Food Spiders prey on other organisms, usually insects. Spiders use a wide range of strategies to capture prey: trapping it in sticky webs, lassoing  it with sticky balls, mimicking the prey to avoid detection or running it down. Most detect prey mainly by sensing vibrations, but active hunters have acute vision. Spiders can only consume liquids, as they lack chewing mouthparts. They use chelicerae, pointed appendages, like fangs at the front of the cephalothorax, to grasp prey and inject venom. Digestive juices break down the food into liquid, which can be ingested by the spider. Web-Making Silk All spiders make silk. Usually, the spinnerets that make the silk are under the tip of the abdomen, allowing them to spin a long strand of silk behind them. Spider Habitat More than 40,000 species of spiders inhabit the earth. They are found on every continent except for Antarctica and have become established in nearly every habitat, with the exceptions of air and sea colonization. They have been found in the Arctic as well. The vast majority of spiders are terrestrial, although a few specialized species live in fresh water. Common Spiders Some of the most common spiders include: Orb weavers, known for weaving large, circular websCobweb spiders, including the venomous black widowWolf spiders,  large spiders that hunt at nightTarantulas, huge, hairy hunting spidersJumping spiders,  tiny spiders with big eyes and bigger personalities Interesting Spiders There are some spiders that have interesting features that set them apart. Female flower crab spiders, also known as Misumena vatia, change colors from white to yellow to match flowers, where they lie in wait for pollinators to eat. Spiders of the genus Celaenia resemble bird droppings, a clever camouflage that keeps them safe from most predators. The ant spiders of the family Zodariidae are so named because they mimic ants. Some use their front legs to mimic antennae. The magnificent spider, so called the Ordgarius magnificus, tricks its moth prey by setting a silk trap with a pheromone. The pheromone mimics a moths reproductive hormones, which lures male moths with the prospect of a female.   Sources: Insects: Their Natural History and Diversity, by Stephen O. Marshall

dead mens path essays

dead men's path essays In this short story Dead Mens Path, Chinua Achebe gives the protagonist an exciting chance to fulfill his dream. Michael Obi was fixed officially headmaster of Ndume Central School, which was backward in every sense. He had to turn the school into a progressive one, however the school received a bad report when the supervisor came to inspect. Why did the school get a nasty report and Obi could not become a glorious headmaster even though he put his whole life into it? In order to find out the answer, we have to examine Michael Obis personality and the event that made the supervisor to write an airier result. Michael Obi was a secondary school teacher. The Ndume Central School had always been an unprogressive, so the mission authorities decided to send a young and energetic man to run it (331). Obi was a juvenile and a jaunty man. Within Obis confidence, the reader can see his ardent desire. He had many wonderful ideas and this was an opportunity to put them into practice (331). By this golden chance he wanted to show other people how a school should be run. Obi wanted his associates to give all their time and energy to the school (331) because they were not married. He and his wife were very excited to work for the school. They both had made a plan to make the school modern and delightful. Even though Obi accepted his responsibility with enthusiasm, he could not become a great principal. Why? There should be some kind of obstacle in his plan. Michael Obi had built a miserable garden around the school. Beautiful hibiscus and allamanda hedges in brilliant red and yellow marked out the care- fully tended school compound from the rank neighborhood bushes (331-332). Obi had two aims. A high standard of teaching was insisted upon and the school compound was to be turned into a place of beauty (331). One evening Obi saw an old woman from the vil...

Awanas Teaching Plans Essay Example

Awanas Teaching Plans Essay Example Awanas Teaching Plans Essay Awanas Teaching Plans Essay TMTeaching Plans1 East Bode Road | Streamwood, IL 60107-6658 U.S.A. (630) 213-2000 | awana.org  © 2013 Awana ® Clubs International. Pages marked reproducible may be reproduced only by churches registered with Awana. 1 2 3 4 5 6 17 18 16 15 14 13Scriptures taken from the Holy Bible, New International Version ®, NIV ®. Copyright  ©1973, 1978, 1984 by Biblica, Inc.â„ ¢ Used by permission of Zondervan. All rights reserved worldwide. www.zondervan.com.Cubbies AppleSeed Teaching PlansTable of ContentsIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Apple Acres Entrance Booklet Bear Hug A, Parent Night; Cubbies Key Verse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Bear Hug B, Cubbies Motto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Handbook AppleSeed Trail Bear Hug 1, A Is for All . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Bear Hug 2, C Is for Christ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Unit 1: God Is Creator Bear Hug 3, Creation: Days One and Two . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bear Hug 4, Creation: Days Three and Four . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bear Hug 5, Creation: Days Five and Six (Animals) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bear Hug 6, Unit 1 Review; Day Six (People) and Day Seven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 52 60 68Unit 2: God†™s

Prep 19 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Prep 19 - Essay Example Speciation is the splitting of a lineage to produce two or more separate species. For this to happen, two or more of the members or species are selectively isolated and allowed to interbreed. When a species population extends over a wide geographical area and mating is selective rather than random, the gene pool is said to be sealed. This reduced gene flow causes the development of new species due to interbreeding. The importance of this is the generation of a pure species that repeatedly improve both genetically and phenotypically. Speciation involves the separation of an original species and the development of two or more pure species usually by a barrier. Allopatric speciation specifically involves the development of a physical barrier between separated members of the species to prevent crossbreeding. This results in geographical separation and hence interbreeding within the new geographical area. This is the dominant mode of speciation and once two separate populations are established the process of speciation continues. However speciation can result even without physical. This is known as sympatric speciation. In this type of speciation, a new species arises while living in the same location with the original species. This is believed to happen when a group of organisms from the species begins to occupy a distinct niche in the environment and eventually become adapted to the conditions while still breeding within themselves to produce a new species. Isolation of gene pool without geographical isolation happens when members of a species in the same geographical location occupy different niches in the same environment. In a similar way, social organisms have controlled mating and hence breeding only happens within the selected group. Species have developed mechanisms to control speciation and breeding. In reproductive isolation, the environment installs external

Sexism in different cultures and societies Research Paper

Sexism in different cultures and societies - Research Paper Example The above statistics clearly show that sexism exists in many forms in America. In schools, teachers, give more attention to the boys than the girls. They believe that boys are brighter than girls and should get more attention. In professional world, women are getting lesser salaries than men even though both of them are doing the same job. Many organizations in America have the belief that men can handle certain jobs better than women. For example, in the recently concluded American Presidential election, Hillary Clinton fought hard against current President Obama for getting the Democratic Party nomination. However, majority of the Americans, voted in favor of Obama because of their perception that a male President could be more effective than a female President. If we take the number of women presidents or prime ministers in countries worldwide, we can see that the number of females is much lesser than the number of males. Even in America like advanced country, people believe that men have superior abilities in taking decisions and handling pressure and this belief is definitely the contribution of sexism. The number of females going to colleges is less than the number of boys when we consider the statistics of boys and girls who attend the college education in America after their school education. This is because of the parental belief that giving college education to the boys is more important than giving college education to girls. If an American family faces financial problems in giving education to their children., they will stop the education of their daughters first and will try maximum to give education to their sons. Majority of the men in America believe that the primary role of women is to do all the housework at home. Only after the completion of the house works, men like their wives going for other professional works. McFadden (2010) has pointed out that in American society, â€Å"Women are still being fired for getting pregnant and getting demo ted

Osha Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Osha - Assignment Example It is also charged with the provision of training, relevant education, outreach, and assistance to the work force. All employers, as well as their employees, are covered with the OSHA Act. This coverage may be directly as enshrined in the federal OSHA or through a state program approved by OSHA. Any program rolled out by the state is required to be up to par with the standards stipulated by the federal OSHA in as far health and workplace safety is concerned. The OSHA website stipulates that any individual or groups that represent employees or even the employees they are in a position to lodge a complaint that calls for an inspection by OSHA of their areas of work if they have sufficient reasons to believe that such areas pose great health or safety hazards to them. It also gives directions on how such a complaint may be filed. The OSHA website also has additional information such as their contact information, various statistics and data regarding safety in the workplace, their cooperative programs, their schedule of event, types of hazards as well as the various rights any worker is

War or Immigration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

War or Immigration - Essay Example The dialogue may not necessarily be only between the two parties. Each party may bring one or more parties in its support from its side to conduct dialogue with the opposite group of parties. If the dispute gets resolved through the dialogue, nothing like that! War breaks out in the other case. During the war, if any of the party surrenders, the other party should stop the killing right away. After the war, the winning party may confiscate the belongings of the losing party along with the fighters, but the fighters should not be tortured in jails like the conventional practice is. Instead, they should be treated with kindness and should be made to contribute to the winning nation positively. It is better to have them teach the illiterate local prisoners rather than torturing them, which would yield no good. If treated nicely, the winning party assumes great tendency to convince the prisoners to have faith in the winning party and rather become its members than their original

Over-Population Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Over-Population - Term Paper Example Majority of this population is in Asian countries. The concept of overpopulation is broader than merely population densities. It includes the ability of the environment to sustain a growing population. The increasing human population exerts lot of pressure on the available resources to extent that the carrying capacity may be surpassed. The effects on the environment may be coupled with other effects such global warming and overall climate change. Overpopulation would occur when the human population will exceed the earth’s resources. With the current reductions in child mortality rates, better medical care and good life present in some parts of the world chances of the earth becoming overpopulated are high. However, the problems of overpopulation are more common in the developing world compared to developed nations due to fertility rates. It is the responsibility and role of everyone in the world to help reduce population growth. There are different opinions explaining the trends and effects of global human population growth. Malthus population growth theory was based on the concept of carrying capacity. The prediction was that the human population was growing at a high rate in relation to the available resources to sustain the population. The result of such population growth was that there will times when the resources will not be able to sustain the human population which, will eventually crash. Such school of thought and other opinions by new-Malthusian believe that there are still chances of a population crash triggered by various environmental factors such as climate change. The â€Å"Malthusian† theory is one of the well known and most criticized theories explaining the relationship between human population growth and the environment. The theory emphasizes on the fact that as the population grows people will utilize all the resources to the extent that there will be hunger, famine and environmental degradation. However, many

Problems with treating humans as resources in contemporary Essay

Problems with treating humans as resources in contemporary organisations - Essay Example Humans need to be motivated. In this reason there is a big deal to consider on understanding what exactly will motivate them. Employees are concerned with their needs. In line with this, it is always important for them to meet their expectations and demands. Humans have to meet their needs. There are different needs and their hierarchy. Achieving the right needs means great motivation for them to do their respective tasks. However, it is not just important to know their needs. It should be a great concern on how to approach them in order to find what exactly will motivate them. In cases when there is a need to evaluate employees, it should be clear with them what the company expects them to perform. In short, the company must be able to clearly explain their stand on what standard of performance it wants its employees to perform. Thus, the first problem with treating humans as resources is the complexity of motivating them. Motivation Motivation has something to do with allowing the employees to perform at their best (Bruce 10). ... However, the right interaction needs to be in timing. There are different ways on how to interact with the human resource. The right communication process is important. However, communications have important barriers. There are different barriers to communication which have important place in an organisation (Singla 125). Physically communication process can be hindered. Humans have significant disabilities such as dysfunctional senses which lead to inappropriate perceptions of things. The right communication can be hindered through this factor. Another contributing factor that may hinder the right communication process is the social aspect. Every human has different beliefs about things in life. People may be the same in their cultural background or may differ at some point. This variation may contribute as important barrier because everyone has the chance to keep his or her own belief. People from different walks of life have different culture. Emotional aspect is another important barrier to effective communication with manpower. Everyone has specific response to everything. A person may be emotionally stable or the other way around. It takes the right emotion to respond to the right communication process. Unstable communication usually leads to failure due to lack of the required understanding between the speaker and the receiver. In the case of employees and the management, the former usually are the ones who have the problem with receiving the right message. The right message is the right indicator of achieving Psychological factor may be another aspect that may hinder the right communication process. Psychological aspects are fundamentals of receiving the right communication process. Employees with sound mind for instance are able to achieve the

War or Immigration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

War or Immigration - Essay Example The dialogue may not necessarily be only between the two parties. Each party may bring one or more parties in its support from its side to conduct dialogue with the opposite group of parties. If the dispute gets resolved through the dialogue, nothing like that! War breaks out in the other case. During the war, if any of the party surrenders, the other party should stop the killing right away. After the war, the winning party may confiscate the belongings of the losing party along with the fighters, but the fighters should not be tortured in jails like the conventional practice is. Instead, they should be treated with kindness and should be made to contribute to the winning nation positively. It is better to have them teach the illiterate local prisoners rather than torturing them, which would yield no good. If treated nicely, the winning party assumes great tendency to convince the prisoners to have faith in the winning party and rather become its members than their original

Problems with treating humans as resources in contemporary Essay

Problems with treating humans as resources in contemporary organisations - Essay Example Humans need to be motivated. In this reason there is a big deal to consider on understanding what exactly will motivate them. Employees are concerned with their needs. In line with this, it is always important for them to meet their expectations and demands. Humans have to meet their needs. There are different needs and their hierarchy. Achieving the right needs means great motivation for them to do their respective tasks. However, it is not just important to know their needs. It should be a great concern on how to approach them in order to find what exactly will motivate them. In cases when there is a need to evaluate employees, it should be clear with them what the company expects them to perform. In short, the company must be able to clearly explain their stand on what standard of performance it wants its employees to perform. Thus, the first problem with treating humans as resources is the complexity of motivating them. Motivation Motivation has something to do with allowing the employees to perform at their best (Bruce 10). ... However, the right interaction needs to be in timing. There are different ways on how to interact with the human resource. The right communication process is important. However, communications have important barriers. There are different barriers to communication which have important place in an organisation (Singla 125). Physically communication process can be hindered. Humans have significant disabilities such as dysfunctional senses which lead to inappropriate perceptions of things. The right communication can be hindered through this factor. Another contributing factor that may hinder the right communication process is the social aspect. Every human has different beliefs about things in life. People may be the same in their cultural background or may differ at some point. This variation may contribute as important barrier because everyone has the chance to keep his or her own belief. People from different walks of life have different culture. Emotional aspect is another important barrier to effective communication with manpower. Everyone has specific response to everything. A person may be emotionally stable or the other way around. It takes the right emotion to respond to the right communication process. Unstable communication usually leads to failure due to lack of the required understanding between the speaker and the receiver. In the case of employees and the management, the former usually are the ones who have the problem with receiving the right message. The right message is the right indicator of achieving Psychological factor may be another aspect that may hinder the right communication process. Psychological aspects are fundamentals of receiving the right communication process. Employees with sound mind for instance are able to achieve the

Biomes and Diversity Essay Example for Free

Biomes and Diversity Essay Extinction is a natural selection process. Should humans strive to preserve a representative sample of all biomes or aquatic zones? Why should humans be concerned with the extinction rate? In my own opinion No but as u read more about it some things need to be preserved. For instance animals help the crops of the foods that we eat. Snakes help to cure different diseases. Humans help the plants and animals to grow. The fact that human beings are a species means that they depend on many other species that exist in the world. If an animal becomes extinct, this can have a knock on effect to other species, and humans would inevitably be affected by the species becoming extinct. Humans also have a built in instinct to survive, as do other species of animals. It is not surprising, therefore, that humans feel the need to try and extend the life span of some species, as they would probably feel that if it came to it, that something would try and prolong the existence of humans. Humans should be concerned with the extinction rate, because the human population is growing and we need all the air, land, and animals to survive. There are humans that don’t quite understand that we have to preserve our land because we will be extinct sooner than later due to our big population.

Issue of Illegal Drugs in Music Lyrics

Issue of Illegal Drugs in Music Lyrics Julia Dugger Music is and always has been an integral part of society. It is, according to Glowacka Pitet, 2004, one of the longest celebrated traditions of humankind that enables the exchange of feelings and experiences that cannot be articulated by the use of common language. Moreover, its strength is based on the fact that it can provide us with meaning, without saying anything at all (Hormigos-Ruiz, 2010). Daily life does not exist without music and since every age group within a society is exposed to it, it comes to no surprise that each age group evaluate its importance differently. For example, studies conducted by various researchers (e.g. Arnett, 1996; North Hargreaves, 2008; Schwartz Fouts, 2003) uncovered that American adolescents did not just listen to music approximately two and a half hours per day, rather than also how they vigorously employ music to satisfy social, emotional and developmental requirements. However, according to Walker Kennedy (2010), the impact of popular music has sparked many debates. Particularly over the past decade, numerous news stories have claimed that bands like Marilyn Manson or Slipknot have negatively influenced the shooters at Columbine (US)/Erfurt (Germany) or that suicidal connotations in rock/metal music has led to an increase in adolescence taking/trying to take their lives (Walker Kennedy, 2010). It therefore comes to no surprise that North and Hargreaves (2006) have argued that music genres like heavy metal/hard rock, hip hop/ rap, and alternative/punk should be described as â€Å"problem music.† But labeling particular genres as â€Å"problem music† and denoting that adolescent listening to it are automatically negatively influenced, seems like generalization of a very complex issue. According to Walker Kennedy (2010), much research has been conducted on why adolescents listen to music and in short two main reasons can be noted: to explore identity issues including self-identity and peer relationships as well as regulation of emotional impulses. And although various themes of different music genres heavy metal lyrics often deal with hostility or vengeance and may contain sex, drug use, suicide, and alienation references (Arnett, 1996); rap lyrics are full of offensive language combined with subjects like sex, drug use, misogyny, violence (Epstein, Pratto, Sk ipper, 1990); pop music lyrics deal with a multitude of themes and typically reach a larger audience; and country music often tells a story that either deals with love; sadness; rebellious behavior, promiscuity, or betrayal (Ballard, Bazzini, Dodson, 1999) – can, according to Ter Bogt (2012), encourage listeners to interpreted these themes, particularly the negative ones, as cool, socially acceptable, satisfying, and not particularly destructive, it should be recognized that lyrics are merely one aspect of a song’s overall message. Unfortunately many studies limit themselves by only looking at one characteristics of a specific song, rather than also addressing that others, like the â€Å"sound† of the music or the associated broader cultural factors, can have obvious and powerful effects on how one interprets its meaning (Ter Bogt et al., 2012). For example, listeners preferring a particular genre often do not just listen to the music itself, rather than also have an understanding for the reputation of those genres and show familiarity regarding the lifestyles of musicians within them. As Ter Bogt et al. (2012) noted, given that an individual’s development is shaped by the observation of others, relevant behaviors portrayed by high-status people such as rock stars, may encourage adolescents to mimic it. However, due to the fact that numerous musicians have had encounters with the law over their drug/alcohol use and many even have died because of it, claiming that specific music genres only glamori ze or encourage drug us/abuse seems like a biased representation. How true this is can be seen when taking a closer look at the history of music lyrics, particular those of rock/hard rock/metal/heavy metal bands. According to Dodge (2004), rock songs of the 80s were party anthems with a positive attitude towards the motto sex, drugs, and rock n roll. However, during the 90s rock music lyrics became more critical. Exaggeratedly spoken, most of the music sounded whinny/moaning and the lyrics contained messages about how bad everything was (Dodge, 2004). Today, according to Dodge (2004), the dark elements still exist, but a new wave of album oriented/melodic rock and heavy metal bands has emerged. On the other hand, heavy metal emerged during the late 60s, yet, according to Hjelm, Kahn-Harris, and LeVine (2012), did not establish itself as a separate genre until the late 70s/early 80s when bands like Judas Priest and Iron Maiden set forth basic metal characteristics (distorted guitars, aggressive vocals, dark clothing, etc.) that are present to this day. Throughout the following decades (90s until today), metal has followed increasingly diverse musical pathways and has created numerous influential bands. And although the central concept for producing rock/hard rock/metal/heavy metal songs remains the same, a shift of song themes and in which kind of way they are communicated to the listener can be seen. According to Dodge (2009), drug reference in rock/metal songs have always been numerous and recurrent. However, according to Markert (2001), this does not mean that such songs praise or encourage the exploitation of drugs. Most drug representations, particularly those of more r ecent rock/metal tracks, are rather negative and these songs often do not instruct, lecture or admonish the listener, according to Dodge (2009), rather than they inform about possible results, rely on personal responsibility, and leave it up to the individual to make their own decisions. Moreover, since songs about drug use/abuse are again and again associated with a particular time frame and/or social group, they do not just reflect the principles of that group rather than also operate as a socializing instrument by suggesting how listeners should interpret their social surroundings (Markert, 2001). The truthfulness of this view can be seen when either rock/hard rock/metal/heavy metal songs of different decades are compared with each or when the lyrics/themes of the more recent ones are compared with other genres. Many themes of the older rock/metal songs (l960s – 1990s), with all sub- and hybrid genres considered, concentrated on the usage and the effects of drugs, while notions of caution or resulting negative consequences were rarely mentioned. For example, during the 60s songs like â€Å"Heroin† by The Velvet Underground (1967) or â€Å"Mothers little Helper† by The Rolling Stones (1966), told the listener how drugs alter emotional states and claimed that the end result – with an overall positive notion was to either be able to not care about anything anymore: â€Å"Cause it makes me feel like Im a man/when I put a spike into my vein†¦Cause when the smack begins to flow/And I really dont care anymore/Ah, when that heroin is in my blood/And that blood is in my head/Then thank God that Im as good as dead/And thank your God that Im not aware/And thank God that I just dont care†¦Ã¢â‚¬  or manage everyday’s tasks: â€Å"Mother needs something today to calm her down/And though shes not really ill/Theres a little yellow pill/She goes running for the shelter of a mothers little helper/And it helps her on her way, gets her through her busy day.† In the 70s, a similar trend could be seen, where songs about drugs yet again mainly describe the addictive properties of drugs or even glorify them. In his song â€Å"For Your Life† Led Zeppelin (1976), for example, illustrates how a drug user surrenders to his/her addiction: â€Å"You said I was the only†¦/Exhibition is your habit, Emotion second hand/Had to pull away to save me, Maybe next time around/And she said, dont you want it?/Dont you want coca-coca-cocaine?/Hadnt planned to, could not stand to try it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and in their song â€Å"Snowblind† the Band Black Sabbath goes even further in glorifying the use of cocaine: â€Å"Feeling happy in my vein/Icicles within my brain (cocaine)/†¦Makes me happy, makes me cold†¦Dont you think I know what Im doing/Dont tell me that its doing me wrong/Youre the one whos really a loser/This is where I feel I belong.† In the 80s, however, some bands began to question In the past decade, most singer/songwriters in the rock/hard rock/metal/heavy metal genre have shifted their attention to not just on expressing how bad the usage of harmful/illegal substances is, rather than also their negative consequences. For example, in their song â€Å"Adios,† the band Rammstein (2009) did not just describe how a person injects a substance in their veins (â€Å"He lays the needle in the vein, asks the music to come inside†) and how this person feels while the substance travels through his entire body (â€Å"a battle rages in his blood, an army marches through his bowel†), rather than also address their often fatal attributes by closing the song with the words: â€Å"He takes the needle from the vein, the melody travels out of the skin, violins burn with shrieking, harps cut the flesh, he has opened his eyes, but he did not wake up.† A similar, yet less obvious approach to remind the listener about the highly destructive attributes of illegal substances, has been taken by the band Slipknot, who in their 2014 released song â€Å"Killpop† describe how a women injects something into her skin (â€Å"she is sticking needles in her skin†)  recently the song Habits (Stay High) has topped the charts, where the singer Tove Lo (2012) argues that dealing with emotional pain can only be achieved via a continuing high to not be missing a lost love (→ â€Å"Spend my days locked in a haze, trying to forget you babe†¦Got to stay high all my life, to forget Im missing you†). Other examples include: â€Å"We can’t stop† by Miley Cyrus (2013), where she sings → â€Å"we like to party, dancing with Molly (which is a reference to the drug MDMA), doing whatever we want;† â€Å"Rehab† by Amy Winehouse (2007), in which she states that → â€Å"they tried to mak e me go to rehab but I said: no, no, no, yes, Ive been black but when I come back youll know, know, know,†¦, hes tried to make me go to rehab but I wont go, go, go;† or â€Å"Diamonds† by Rihanna (2012), where she clearly downplays the destructive properties of alcohol (moonshine) and drugs (molly, which is a street name for MDMA and ecstasy) when she sings â€Å"we’ll never die† → â€Å"you’re a shooting star I see, a vision of ecstasy†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  Palms rise to the universe, as we moonshine and molly, feel the warmth, we’ll never die, we’re like diamonds in the sky.† References Dodge, A. I. (2004). Sex, drugs, and rock roll: A Libertarian view [Pamphlet]. London, United Kingdom: Libertarian Alliance. Hormigos-Ruiz, J. (2010). Music distribution in the consumer society: The creation of cultural identities through sound. Comunicar, 17(34), 91-98. doi:10.3916/C34-2010-02-09 Markert, J. (2001). Sing a song of drug use-abuse: Four decades of drug lyrics in popular music—from the sixties through the nineties. Sociological Inquiry, 71(2), 194-220. Arnett, J. J. (1996). Metal heads, heavy metal music and adolescent alienation. New York, NY: Westview Press, Inc. North, A. C., Hargreaves, D. J. (2008). The social and applied psychology of music. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Schwartz, K. D., Fouts, G. T. (2003). Music preferences, personality style, and developmental issues of adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 32, 205-211. North, A. C., Hargreaves, D. J. (2006). Problem music and self-harming. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 36(5), 582-590. DOI: 10.1521/suli.2006.36.5.582 Hjelm, T., Kahn-Harris, K., LeVine, M. (2011). Heavy metal as controversy and counterculture. Popular Music History, 6(1-2), 5-18. doi:10.1558/pomh.v6i1/2.5 Ahmadi, F. (2009). Hard and heavy music: Can it make a difference in the young cancer patients life?. Voices: A World Forum For Music Therapy, 9(2). doi:10.15845/voices.v9i2.345. Retrieved from: https://normt.uib.no/index.php/voices/article/view/345/269 Epstein, J. S., Pratto, D. J., Skipper Jr., J. R. (1990). Teenagers, behavioral problems, and preferences for heavy metal and rap music: A case study of a southern middle school. Deviant Behavior, 11, 381-394. Ballard, M. E., Dodson, A. R., Bazzini, D. G. (1999). Genre of music and lyrical content: Expectation effects. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 160(4), 476-487. Primack, B. A., Dalton, M. A., Carroll, M. V., Agarwal, A. A., Fine, M. J. (2008). Content analysis of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs in popular music. Archives of Pediatrics Adolescent Medicine, 162(2), 169–175. Ter Bogt, T.F.M., Nic Gabhainn, S., Simons-Morton, B.G.,Ferreira, M., Hublet, A., Godeau, E., Kuntsche, E. Richter, M. (2012). Dance is the new metal: adolescent music preferences and substance use across Europe. Substance Use and Misuse, 47(2), 130-142.

The Relevance of Edith Wharton’s Roman Fever to the Modern World Essay

The Relevance of Edith Wharton’s Roman Fever to the Modern World According to the World Health Organization, â€Å"of the 75 million children under five in Africa a million and a half die each year of pneumonia.† As distressing and sad as this statistic is, it points out the great danger pneumococcus still is to young people in the developing world. It’s in the developed world, but at a time before antibiotics, at a time when acute respiratory ailments posed an even greater but still preventable threat to the younger set that concerns us here and that inspires a deeper look at the full implications of respiratory disease. The WHO goes on to say that acute respiratory infection (ARI) â€Å"is one of five conditions which account for more than 70% of child mortality in Africa.† So not only is pneumonia prevalent, it is still deadly. The danger it poses to young people has life-influencing ramifications, ones with an incredible emotional content. Though more treatable now, as we’ll see later, the persistence of pneumonia f its in with the puzzle as it presents itself, since it is linkable to a much more fundamental human ailment. In Edith Wharton’s â€Å"Roman Fever† we also see ailments of a pulmonary and life-changing import. Indeed, the entire story seems shot-through with infection. Wharton writes of Mrs. Slade and Mrs. Ansley, both widowed, both taking their daughters to Rome on holiday as they had been. Their own intertwined histories Wharton describes at the story’s onset as â€Å"all of the movings, buyings, travels, anniversaries, illnesses† (emphasis mine) (751). Wharton then begins the tale with illness. It is only as the narrative progresses that we get a sense of how important illness is to become: Yes; being the Slade’s widow wa... ...an be treated with antibiotics, it can be treated with aversion therapy or the simple addition of marriage. Other love preventatives such as war and country music are both quite feasible and can actually be very profitable for Western nations, though they seem a little cruel, especially the latter. Wharton’s â€Å"Roman Fever† at the very least points the way; it is a warning that love and pneumonia are inextricably linked, an idea that we’d do well to pay more attention to today when the ease of a high technology lifestyle fosters an arrogance that all the world’s problems have been solved. Works Cited Wharton, Edith. â€Å"Roman Fever.† Edith Wharton: Collected Stories 1911-1937. New York: Literary Classics 2001. 749-62. World Health Organization. â€Å"Childhood Diseases in Africa† Fact Sheet N 109. March 1996. 14.3.2003 http://www.who.int/inf-fs/en/fact109.html

An Analysis of Love in Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay

A Midsummer Night's Dream is one of Shakespeare's most widely read comedies about love. This seems somewhat strange, however, in light of the fact that so few of its characters seem to display any kind of full or true love. A close examination of the actions and words of each of the players will reveal that only one of them, by the end of Act V, should be considered a "lover". For the purposes of this inquiry, we are defining "love" as "that which steadily desires and works to attain the benefit of another." I think this definition becomes very important when we study the uses and effects of the dew of the pansy (first mentioned in 2.1.166ff.) on the various characters on whom its charm is worked, and by extension, on those with whom they interact. The dew is employed by Shakespeare as a device to demonstrate how fluid a thing "love" is, and how easily the affections of the so-called lover can be swayed. But the dew's power is not all-conquering. It is said to "make man or woman madly dote / upon the next live creature that it sees" (2.1.171-172), and to induce "hateful fantasies" (2.1.258), but it is not irresistible, nor is it ever said to repress any feelings of love a person might have had prior to falling under its charm. Thus I believe that from our definition of love we can reason that what the dew affects and causes is not, in fact, love at all. Rather, it is fancy, another emotion of which Shakespeare makes considerable use. If a person steadily desired and worked to attain the benefit of another, the charm of the dew would not change that. It would merely fill his or her head with "hateful fantasies" about the new object of affection -- and not desires for its benefit. In any event, certainly someone genuinely in... ... of my examination of love in A Midsummer Night's Dream, to arrive at the conclusion that none of its players exhibited any love at all, and Shakespeare's point was to prove that love is unreal; a fabrication of human imagination. I was excited to discover, however, that in the midst of the ugly scene he set up to emphasize this argument most strongly, he left a single bastion of true, honest, unadulterated (for Hermia is never charmed by the pansy's dew) love. To me, Hermia is an example of what humanity could be, and how it could love, were it to forget some of the smaller matters in which it so often becomes willingly entangled. Works Cited Shakespeare, William. The Riverside Shakespeare. Houghton Mifflin Company. Boston. New York. 1997. Rhoades, Duane. Shakespeare's Defense of Love: "A Midsummer Night's Dream". Westport, CT: Greenwood Press,1986.